#4 Pengantar Manajemen: Perkembangan Ilmu Manajemen

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the development of management science, as discussed in the video by Saifudin Muhson. It covers the historical context, key schools of thought, and significant contributors to modern management. Understanding these concepts is crucial for anyone interested in the field of management, whether you're a student, a professional, or an enthusiast.

Step 1: Explore the History of Management Science

• Origins: Management as a discipline has evolved over centuries. Its foundations can be traced back to ancient civilizations where organization and resource allocation were essential for survival and success.
• Industrial Revolution Impact: The Industrial Revolution marked a significant turning point, leading to the need for formal management practices to handle the complexities of mass production.
• Key Historical Figures: Familiarize yourself with important figures such as Frederick Taylor, who introduced scientific management principles, and Henri Fayol, known for his administrative theory.

Step 2: Understand the Three Schools of Thought in Management

1. Classical School: Focuses on efficiency and productivity through scientific methods. Key contributors include:

   • Frederick Taylor: Advocated for time studies and work specialization.
   • Max Weber: Introduced bureaucratic management emphasizing hierarchy and rules.

2. Human Relations School: Emphasizes the importance of human behavior in organizations. Key contributors include:

   • Elton Mayo: Known for the Hawthorne Studies which highlighted the impact of social factors on productivity.
   • Abraham Maslow: Developed the hierarchy of needs, explaining employee motivation.

3. Modern Management Theories: Integrates various approaches and emphasizes systems thinking and contingency theory. Key contributors include:

   • Peter Drucker: Known as the father of modern management, he introduced concepts like management by objectives.
   • W. Edwards Deming: Focused on quality management and continuous improvement.

Step 3: Identify Key Contributors to Modern Management

• Peter Drucker: His work laid the groundwork for modern management practices, emphasizing effectiveness and efficiency.
• W. Edwards Deming: His ideas on quality management transformed industries, especially in manufacturing.
• Michael Porter: Known for his theories on competitive strategy and value chains, critical for business analysis.

Conclusion

Understanding the development of management science is vital for grasping contemporary management practices. By exploring the historical context, key schools of thought, and influential contributors, you can deepen your knowledge of how management has evolved and its relevance today. As a next step, consider delving deeper into specific theorists or management practices that interest you, or apply these concepts in your professional field.