Introduction to computer and programming Lec 01 Part 04 (Brief History of Computer)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a brief history of computers, highlighting significant milestones and innovations that have shaped the development of computing technology. Understanding this history is crucial for anyone interested in computer science and programming, as it lays the foundation for current technologies and future advancements.

Step 1: Explore the Early Mechanical Computers

• Understand the Origins: The journey of computers began with mechanical devices designed to assist in calculations.
• Key Innovations:
  • The Abacus: One of the earliest tools for computation, used for basic arithmetic.
  • Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine: Often referred to as the first concept of a general-purpose computer, featuring an arithmetic logic unit and memory.

Step 2: Learn About Input Methods

• Hollerith Desk: Introduced by Herman Hollerith, this device used punched cards for data input and processing.
• Significance:
  • Enabled the automation of data processing for the 1890 U.S. Census, drastically reducing the time required for data analysis.
  • Laid the groundwork for future data processing technologies.

Step 3: Recognize the Evolution of Programming

• Early Programming Languages: The transition from machine code to higher-level programming languages marked a significant step in computer usability.
• Important Milestones:
  • Assembly Language: Allowed programmers to write instructions in a more understandable format.
  • Fortran and COBOL: Among the first high-level programming languages developed in the 1950s, designed for scientific and business applications respectively.

Step 4: Understand the Development of Modern Computers

• Transistors and Microprocessors: The invention of the transistor in the 1940s and the microprocessor in the 1970s revolutionized computer design, making them smaller, faster, and more efficient.
• Key Points:
  • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, leading to the development of compact and reliable computers.
  • The microprocessor integrated the functions of a computer’s central processing unit onto a single chip.

Step 5: Recognize the Impact of the Internet

• The Rise of Networking: The development of ARPANET in the late 1960s laid the foundation for the modern Internet.
• Implications:
  • Enhanced communication and data sharing between computers.
  • Led to the development of web technologies and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

Step 6: Acknowledge Current Trends and Future Directions

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: These technologies are driving the future of computing, enabling machines to learn from data and make decisions.
• Cloud Computing: Offers scalable resources and services over the Internet, changing how data is stored and accessed.

Conclusion

The history of computers is a fascinating journey from mechanical devices to modern computing technologies. Understanding this evolution helps contextualize the current landscape of programming and technology. As you continue your exploration of computer science, consider how these historical advancements influence contemporary practices and future innovations. For further learning, explore programming languages and technologies that have emerged from this rich history.