Sistem Ekonomi Indonesia

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of the economic systems in Indonesia during the presidencies of Sukarno, Suharto, SBY (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono), and Jokowi (Joko Widodo). Understanding these systems is crucial for grasping Indonesia's economic evolution and current policies.

Step 1: Understand the Economic System Under Sukarno

• Period Overview: Sukarno's presidency (1945-1967) marked the establishment of a guided economy.
• Key Features:
  • Focus on nationalization of foreign-owned industries.
  • Emphasis on state control over key economic sectors.
  • Implementation of central planning to drive development.
• Practical Tip: Explore Sukarno’s Five Principles (Pancasila) as they influenced economic policies.

Step 2: Explore the Economic System Under Suharto

• Period Overview: Suharto’s era (1967-1998) is known for the New Order regime.
• Key Features:
  • Shift towards a free-market economy with a focus on foreign investment.
  • Infrastructure development and industrialization were prioritized.
  • Implementation of the "Green Revolution" to boost agricultural productivity.
• Common Pitfalls: Be aware of the criticisms regarding corruption and cronyism during this period.

Step 3: Analyze the Economic System Under SBY

• Period Overview: SBY’s presidency (2004-2014) focused on economic reform and democratization.
• Key Features:
  • Introduction of social welfare programs to reduce poverty.
  • Emphasis on sustainable economic growth and environmental protection.
  • Strengthening of economic ties with other countries through trade agreements.
• Practical Tip: Research the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Indonesia's economy during SBY’s tenure.

Step 4: Review the Economic System Under Jokowi

• Period Overview: Jokowi's presidency (2014-present) aims for infrastructure development and digital economy.
• Key Features:
  • Focus on “Nawacita” (Nine Priorities) to improve welfare and economic growth.
  • Infrastructure projects to connect remote areas and boost economic activity.
  • Push for digital economy and e-governance.
• Real-World Application: Consider how Jokowi’s policies are shaping modern Indonesia’s business environment.

Conclusion

Understanding the evolution of Indonesia's economic systems provides valuable insights into its current policies and challenges. Each presidency introduced unique strategies that impacted the nation's development. To further your understanding, consider researching specific policies or case studies from each era to gain deeper insights into their effectiveness and legacy.