TUDO SOBRE A DITADURA MILITAR (1964-1985) - Débora Aladim

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the Brazilian military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, highlighting key events, figures, and policies. Understanding this crucial period in Brazilian history is essential for grasping the country's socio-political landscape today.

Step 1: Understand the Historical Context

• Explore the political climate leading up to the 1964 coup.
• Analyze the socio-economic factors that contributed to the military's rise to power.
• Recognize the role of the Cold War in shaping military interventions in Latin America.

Step 2: Identify Key Players and Groups

• Learn about President Castelo Branco and his administration.
• Distinguish between the Castelistas (moderates) and the Linha Dura (hardliners) within the military.
• Review the significance of political figures like Juscelino Kubitschek (JK), João Goulart (Jango), and Carlos Lacerda.

Step 3: Explore Institutional Acts

• Understand the purpose of the Institutional Acts (Atos Institucionais) issued during the dictatorship.
  • AI-1: Established the legal basis for repression.
  • AI-2: Restricted political rights, paving the way for further control.
  • AI-3: Expanded the military’s power.
  • AI-4: Introduced the Constitution of 1967, solidifying military governance.

Step 4: Analyze Economic Policies

• Examine the economic measures implemented under Castelo Branco and their impacts.
• Discuss the "economic miracle" of the late 1960s, focusing on growth rates and industrialization.

Step 5: Investigate Social Movements and Repression

• Review the emergence of student movements and workers' strikes.
• Learn about key events such as the death of Edson Luis de Lima Souto, which galvanized resistance.
• Analyze the role of state security agencies (SNI, DOI-CODI, DOPS) in suppressing dissent.

Step 6: Understand Cultural Resistance

• Explore how artists and intellectuals responded to censorship and repression.
• Identify notable figures and cultural movements that emerged during the dictatorship.

Step 7: Examine the Years of Lead

• Discuss the regime's most oppressive phase known as the "Anos de Chumbo."
• Analyze the impact of propaganda on public sentiment, including the "Ame-o ou Deixe-o" campaign.

Step 8: Review the Transition to Democracy

• Trace the timeline from the end of AI-2 to the return of political parties.
• Understand the significance of the Amnesty Law of 1979 and its implications for political prisoners.
• Analyze the "Diretas Já" movement and its impact on the 1985 elections.

Step 9: Reflect on Historical Legacy

• Discuss the lasting effects of the dictatorship on Brazilian society and politics.
• Examine the role of the Truth Commission in addressing past injustices and unearthing historical records.

Conclusion

The military dictatorship in Brazil was a complex and transformative period that reshaped the nation's political, economic, and cultural fabric. By understanding the key events and figures from 1964 to 1985, you can better appreciate the ongoing impact of this history on contemporary Brazil. For further exploration, consider reviewing additional resources or engaging in discussions about this topic.